Interactive engineering model
Drainage fall along a pipe run
Change the gradient ratio, run length, and pipe diameter to make total invert fall and full-bore velocity visible.
Preparing the 3D model...
Two inspection chambers sit in a cutaway soil block with a buried pipe running between them. A dashed datum at the upstream invert and a dimensioned leader mark the downstream invert drop, and the barrel is drawn running just-full to match the full-bore velocity readout. The drawn gradient is exaggerated and the exaggeration factor is reported.
Focus the 3D view and use the arrow keys to orbit, plus or minus to zoom, and Home to reset the view.
Text explanation and non-WebGL fallback
Two inspection chambers sit in a cutaway soil block with a buried pipe running between them. A dashed datum at the upstream invert and a dimensioned leader mark the downstream invert drop, and the barrel is drawn running just-full to match the full-bore velocity readout. The drawn gradient is exaggerated and the exaggeration factor is reported.
The numeric controls and readouts remain usable if WebGL is unavailable. Drag or swipe the 3D view to orbit and use a wheel or pinch gesture to zoom. With the 3D view focused, use the arrow keys to orbit, plus or minus to zoom, and Home to reset. The complete numeric lesson is also keyboard-accessible in the adjacent controls and readouts. This model is an educational aid and does not replace applicable design standards or professional review.